1. ISAAC NEWTON
(January 4, 1643 – March 31, 1727)
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to sapaviva.com: your definitive guide to the world’s preeminent scientists (and mathematicians). My desire to study, evaluate and comparatively analyze remarkable works of science: from antiquity to the year 2000 AD inspired this publication. The unrestricted scope spanned across discoveries in both pure and applied sciences. It is the most encompassing, the most researched, as well as the most unbiased rankings of scientists (including mathematicians) from every part of the world. …A product of over 15 years research and in-depth analyses of the most spectacular innovations this world has ever witnessed. My narratives on this website are overviews which were structured for your easy reading. The rankings were based on merit. My four evaluative criteria (each of which accounts for one quarter of the assessment points) are: overall Ability, Versatility, Productivity and Developmental influences. To peruse any of those scientists, click on the name or on the portrait. You may also use the more information button, which is situated directly beneath this paragraph, to access additional details. Your views (whether criticisms or compliments) are welcomed; so, feel free to voice your opinion via the Leave A Reply contact channel. Thank you, and do enjoy your visit.
THE 100 GREATEST SCIENTISTS
2. LEONHARD EULER
(April 15, 1707 – September 18, 1783)
3. GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ
(July 1, 1646 – November 14, 1716)
4. CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS
(April 30, 1777 – February 23, 1855)
5. MICHAEL FARADAY
(September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867)
6. ALHAZEN IBN al-HAYTHAM
(July 1, 965 – March 6, 1040)
7. GALILEO GALILEI
(February 15, 1564 – January 8, 1642)
8. NIKOLA TESLA
(July 10, 1856 – January 7, 1943)
9. MARIE SKLODOWSKA-CURIE
(November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934)
10. ALBERT EINSTEIN
(March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955)
11. SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN
(December 22, 1887 – April 26, 1920)
12. LOUIS PASTEUR
(December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895)
13. JOHANNES KEPLER
(December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630)
14. LIU HUI
(circa 225 – 295 AD)
15. MAX PLANCK
(April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947)
16. AUGUSTIN-LOUIS CAUCHY
(August 21, 1789 – May 23, 1857)
17. JAMES CLERK MAXWELL
(June 13, 1831 – November 5, 1879)
18. AVICENNA of PERSIA (IBN SINA)
(August 23, 980 – June 22, 1037)
19. HERMANN von HELMHOLTZ
(August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894)
20. DMITRI MENDELEEV
(February 8, 1834 – February 2, 1907)
21. ROBERT KOCH
(December 11, 1843 – May 27, 1910)
22. ERNEST RUTHERFORD
(August 30, 1871 – October 19, 1937)
23. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
(February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543)
24. GEORG BERNHARD RIEMANN
(September 17, 1826 – July 20, 1866)
25. ZHANG HENG
(78 – 139 AD)
26. BLAISE PASCAL
(June 19, 1623 – August 19, 1662)
27. MUHAMMAD IBN MUSA AL-KHWARIZMI
(780 – 850 AD)
28. JULES HENRI POINCARÉ
(April 29, 1854 – July 17, 1912)
29. ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI
(September 5, 973 – December 9, 1048)
30. ISAMBARD KINGDOM BRUNEL
(April 9, 1806 – September 15, 1859)
31. CLAUDIUS GALEN of PERGAMON
(circa 129 – 216 AD)
32. JOSEPH-LOUIS LAGRANGE
(January 25, 1736 – April 10, 1813)
33. QIN JIUSHAO
(1208 – 1261)
34. PAUL EHRLICH
(March 14, 1854 – August 20, 1915)
35. JOHN von NEUMANN
(December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957)
36. NASIR AL-DIN AL-TUSI
(February 18, 1201 – June 26, 1274)
37. ROBERT BOYLE
(January 27, 1627 – December 31, 1691)
38. PIERRE-SIMON LAPLACE
(March 23, 1749 – March 5, 1827)
39. ABI-HAZM AL-QARASHI IBN AL-NAFIS
(ca. 1210 – December 17, 1288)
40. WERNHER von BRAUN
(March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977)
41. HENRI BECQUEREL
(December 15, 1852 – August 25, 1908)
42. DANIEL BERNOULLI
(February 8, 1700 – March 17, 1782)
43. ABU al-QASIM IBN al-ABBAS al-ZAHRAWI
(936 – 1013)
44. ZHU SHIJIE
(circa 1249 – 1314)
45. GREGOR MENDEL
(July 20, 1822 – January 6, 1884)
46. AMELIE EMMY NOETHER
(March 23, 1882 – April 14, 1935)
47. ANTOINE LAVOISIER
(August 26, 1743 – May 8, 1794)
48. BRAHMAGUPTA
(circa 598 – 670)
49. EDWARD JENNER
(May 17, 1749 – January 26, 1823)
50. AMEDEO AVOGADRO
(August 9, 1776 – July 9, 1856)
51. ZU CHONGZHI
(429 – 500 AD)
52. JAMES WATT
(January 30, 1736 – August 25, 1819)
53. ABU-BAKR MUHAMMAD IBN-ZAKARIYA AL-RAZI
(August 28, 865 – October 6, 925)
54. SERGEI PAVLOVICH KOROLEV
(January 12, 1907 – January 14, 1966)
55. OMAR AL-KHAYYAM
(May 18, 1048 – December 4, 1131)
56. SIMÉON DENIS POISSON
(June 21, 1781 – April 25, 1840)
57. ROBERT HOOKE
(July 28, 1635 – March 3, 1703)
58. GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER
(January 5, 1864 – January 5, 1943)
59. NIELS BOHR
(October 7, 1885 – November 18, 1962)
60. JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LUSSAC
(December 6, 1778 – May 9, 1850)
61. ARYABHATA
(476 – 550 AD)
62. ALESSANDRO VOLTA
(February 18, 1745 – March 5, 1827)
63. CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS
(April 14, 1629 – July 8, 1695)
64. CARL LINNAEUS
(May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778)
65. WALTHER HERMANN NERNST
(June 25, 1864 – November 18, 1941)
66. HIPPOCRATES of COS
(circa 460 – 375 BC)
67. CHARLES-AUGUSTIN de COULOMB
(June 14, 1736 – August 23, 1806)
68. GEROLAMO CARDANO
(September 24, 1501 – September 21, 1576)
69. ANDREY KOLMOGOROV
(April 25, 1903 – October 20, 1987)
70. SHEN KUO
(1031 – 1095)
71. ANDREAS VESALIUS
(December 31, 1514 – October 15, 1564)
72. ABU-YUSUF AL-KINDI
(801 – 873 AD)
73. HEINRICH HERTZ
(February 22, 1857 – January 1, 1894)
74. ZHANG ZHONGJING
(circa 150 – 219 AD)
75. HANS CHRISTIAN OERSTED
(August 14, 1777 – March 9, 1851)
76. MADHAVA of SANGAMAGRAMA
(circa 1340 – 1425)
77. JOHN DALTON
(September 6, 1766 – July 27, 1844)
78. ANDRÉ-MARIE AMPÈRE
(January 20, 1775 – June 10, 1836)
79. ENRICO FERMI
(September 29, 1901 – November 28, 1954)
80. CLAUDE BERNARD
(July 12, 1813 – February 10, 1878)
81. JOHANN HEINRICH LAMBERT
(August 26, 1728 – September 25, 1777)
82. JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE
(December 24, 1818 – October 11, 1889)
83. SEKI KOWA TAKAKAZU
(March 1642 – December 5, 1708)
84. HENDRIK ANTOON LORENTZ
(July 18, 1853 – February 4, 1928)
85. OTTO HAHN
(March 8, 1879 – July 28, 1968)
86. LUIGI GALVANI
(September 9, 1737 – December 4, 1798)
87. JEAN-BAPTISTE JOSEPH FOURIER
(March 21, 1768 – May 16, 1830)
88. KATHERINE COLEMAN JOHNSON
(August 26, 1918 – February 24, 2020)
89. GEORG SIMON OHM
(March 16, 1789 – July 6, 1854)
90. WILLIAM THOMSON KELVIN
(June 26, 1824 – December 17, 1907)
91. JOHN BARDEEN
(May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991)
92. LI SHIZHEN
(July 3, 1518 – May 26, 1593)
93. JAMES JOSEPH SYLVESTER
(September 3, 1814 – March 15, 1897)
94. VIVIEN THEODORE THOMAS
(August 29, 1910 – November 26, 1985)
95. WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN
(March 27, 1845 – February 10, 1923)
96. ANTONIE van LEEUWENHOEK
(October 24, 1632 – August 26, 1723)
97. JESSE ERNEST WILKINS, Jr.
(November 27, 1923 – May 1, 2011)
98. HUMPHRY DAVY
(December 17, 1778 – May 29, 1829)
99. LISE MEITNER
(November 7, 1878 – October 27, 1968)
100. ALEXANDER FLEMING
(August 6, 1881 – March 11, 1955)